Light obscuration measurements showed an increase in cumulative particle counts after cryo-milling that did not further increase during storage at 2-8 Â☌ for 12 months. A slight increase in higher molecular weight aggregates was found in formulations containing the polymer dextran after 12 months of storage at 50 Â☌. The recovery of soluble monomer of ovalbumin was not changed during freeze-drying and after cryo-milling, or after 12 months of storage at 2-8 Â☌. Cryo-milling generated irregularly shaped particles of size 20-70 µm. The influence of collapse drying and cryo-milling on particle morphology and protein stability was investigated. ![]() Two different freeze-drying protocols were compared, a moderate freeze-drying cycle and an aggressive freeze-drying cycle, which induced a controlled collapse of the sugar matrix. The purpose of this study was to generate powder particles for intradermal injection by freeze-drying and subsequent cryo-milling. Intradermal powder immunization is an emerging technique in vaccine delivery. ![]() Toward intradermal vaccination: preparation of powder formulations by collapse freeze-drying.Įtzl, Elsa E Winter, Gerhard Engert, Julia
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